Unless you just connected your computer to the internet yesterday, you’ve probably seen this picture:
Oh god! Kill it with fire!
Your first reaction may be to think that this is the product of an unholy union between Photoshop and someone’s night terrors. However, I’m sorry to let you know that this image is probably genuine; at least partially. It’s hard to say for sure since the source has been lost to the aether of the web, but I can confirm that the animal in the photo is absolutely real.
Meet the worlds largest terrestrial arthropod, the coconut crab, Birgus latro. These crustaceans are related to hermit crabs, porcelain crabs, and squat lobsters in the Anomura infraorder. While they are young, their ecology is fairly similar to other terrestrial hermit crabs. At first, they use mollusk shells as mobile homes. However as they grow, they discard their shells and their carapace hardens. Eventually they reach a leg-span of over 3 feet and a weight of 10 pounds. Coconut crabs live on island beaches throughout the Indian and South Pacific Oceans. They live in dirt burrows and rock crevices, and scavenge for fruits and nuts, including coconuts, thus deriving their popular name. The Wikipedia entry for these crabs is pretty solid if you want more info.
Now back to the “trashcan crab” photograph. While the photograph has probably not been digitally altered, it nevertheless makes use of a cheap trick of mental association to give an inflated impression of the animal’s size. Let’s look at this helpful chart:
Heights corrected for posture with a little trig.
As you can see, the standard 32 gallon trash can is 51 inches, 4.25 feet, or 0.71 Ripleys in height. Coconut crabs typically reach a leg-span of about 3 feet, or 0.5 Ripleys. The coconut crab on a conventional trash can is not proportional with the “trashcan crab” photo. Instead, it is likely that the crab in the photo is climbing on a much smaller that usual can. Our brains see the shape of the trashcan and assume it is the large, 32 gallon size we are accustomed to.
In summary, the photo is probably real and coconut crabs are huge, though not as huge as they seem in the photo. Stay tuned for a post about other gargantuan arthropods, extant and extinct.
Arthropoda 
Great image and deconstruction! Another clue is the scale of the wire handles visible on the sides of the can. Generally ~4-6″ wide. Eyeballing it that would make this can around 2′ tall and no more than 2.5′ tall. Still a sweet crab.
Have any interest in interpretation (natural resources not languages)? You are definitely great at explaining scientific phenomena for a general audience. Plus, you made a reference to Ripley which give you so many cool points it’s hard to count.
Ranger Debbie
I would still have bricks in the back of my pants if I saw one of those on my trashcan…3 feet is pretty huge.
This is a 3D sidewalk painting. I saw the flat artwork of it and where the leg is sticking off to the side is a really long part of the painting. I can’t seem to find the original sidewalk art for it though.
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I can confirmed that photo is real, it was taken on Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean, an Australian territory. I grew up there. The suckers make good eating. The more mature robber crabs can get to that size.
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Not every country has 32 gallon bins. Before the advent of the wheelie bin here in the UK, our bins were only a little over 3 feet tall, and consequently, a fully grown Coconut Crab would look just like this if climbing up one of our older bins. Quite a few of those bins ended up being exported to various Commonwealth nations as well, so it wouldn’t be unreasonable to suggest that some of those bins ended up in places like Christmas Island, where there’s human settlements mingled with large colonies of these crabs.